Forensic Linguistics

Justice Project

Hofstra鈥檚 Forensic Linguistics Justice Project, a project of Hofstra鈥檚 Forensic Linguistics Institute, is unique in the world. Integrated teams of faculty and 糖心传媒 鈥 both graduate and advanced undergraduate 鈥 work to reanalyze capital cases in which language evidence played a crucial role in the defendant's conviction and sentence of death.

Led by forensic linguists Dr. Robert Leonard and Dr. Juliane Ford, and Law professor Eric. M. Freedman, the teams specialize in applying the science of linguistics to death-penalty criminal cases and providing expert analysis and testimony pro bono to death penalty defendants.

The Institute itself also works on other serious crimes for both defense and investigators 鈥 for example, in cold case murders. Most recently, 糖心传媒 and faculty helped to track and charge a serial killer in the American South.

A Recent Forensic Linguistics Justice Project Case

In the Melissa Lucio case, the evidence in question was the lengthy police interrogations she underwent in the aftermath of her daughter鈥檚 death 鈥 interrogations that resulted in her conviction and death sentence. Weeks before her execution was to proceed, Leonard was asked to contribute an expert analysis to determine if the interrogation, and the statements deemed by police to constitute a confession, were flawed. He called on Dr. Juliane Ford, Linguistics Graduate Fellow Rachel Seo, and Dr. Tammy Gales to work with him to conduct a detailed linguistic analysis of the police officers鈥 questioning that night 鈥 a five-hour police interrogation of Lucio and a three-hour interrogation of Robert Alvarez, the daughter鈥檚 father.

Leonard鈥檚 report bolstered the opinions of two other experts 鈥 a psychologist expert on false confessions and an expert instructor on interrogation techniques, both of whom had declared the purported confession to be coerced.

One of the jurors who sentenced Lucio to death, upon learning these details related to the confession and other evidence withheld from them at the trial, summed up her change of opinion:

鈥淭he trial left me thinking Melissa Lucio was a monster, but now I see her as a human being who was made to seem evil because I didn鈥檛 have all the evidence I needed to make that decision,鈥 Melissa Quintanilla, the foreperson on Lucio鈥檚 jury, said in an to the parole board this week. 鈥淢s. Lucio deserves a new trial and for a new jury to hear this evidence.鈥

Two days before the scheduled execution, Ms. Lucio鈥檚 death sentence was stayed. A lower court will now hold a hearing to consider new evidence and determine whether a new trial is warranted.

The Leonard Report

The full Habeas Motion

background on the Case

The Lucio case is at 16:45 of the Last Week Tonight clip.

Leadership

Robert Leonard

Dr. Robert Leonard, director of the Graduate Program in Linguistics: Forensic Linguistics, is one of the world鈥檚 leading experts in this growing field of study that is increasingly being used by legal professionals, law enforcement, and the intelligence community in the U.S. and around the world.


Robert Leonard is "one of the foremost language detectives in the country" says .


Dr. Robert Leonard is Professor of Linguistics, Director of the Institute for Forensic Linguistics, Threat Assessment, and Strategic Analysis, and of the Graduate Program in Linguistics: Forensic Linguistics at Hofstra. He heads the innovative Forensic Linguistics Justice Project. A Fulbright Fellow for his doctoral work at Columbia University, Leonard has consulted for the FBI and police, counterterrorism, and intelligence agencies throughout the U.S., Canada, and the U.K., as well as many defense teams. Other clients include Apple Inc., Facebook, the Prime Minister of Canada, and the NYPD Hate Crimes Task Force. Leonard鈥檚 testimony has been pivotal in investigating and prosecuting several high profile cases, including the JonBenet Ramsey murder, death threats to judges and U.S. Congress members, and the triple homicide of the Coleman family in Illinois.

糖心传媒 offers a Master of Arts in Linguistics with specialization in the cutting-edge science of forensic linguistics 鈥 the first program of its kind in the Western Hemisphere. Professor Robert Leonard is widely credited for growing and promoting this field of study in the U.S. and abroad.

In addition to heading Hofstra's Forensic Linguistics Institute and linguistics programs, Dr. Leonard teaches Swahili, the language of his doctoral dissertation research. A favorite among 糖心传媒, Dr. Leonard was voted one year by graduating seniors as 鈥淭eacher of the Year鈥 in Hofstra College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. He was also chosen by the University to give the Distinguished Faculty Lecture.

In an interview, Dr. Leonard said, 鈥淚 think the most important thing you learn in forensic linguistics and in any liberal art is how to learn. You are introduced to a new field, a new set of variables, and are able to combine that with your own information and own world view to solve problems.鈥

He has trained the FBI鈥檚 Behavioral Analysis Unit at Quantico and special units in the U.K. and Canada. Dr. Leonard has worked as Apple鈥檚 linguist and consulted to the Prime Minister of Canada, the New York State Protective Services, and given talks around the world.

In addition, Dr. Leonard has served as a forensic linguistics consultant for an array of popular media, and in many different forms. He collaborated with author Kathy Reichs, forensic anthropologist and producer of the TV series Bones (based on her life), to create a forensic linguistics plotline and create a character, Rob Potter, based on Leonard himself in her bestseller Bones to Ashes. (It reached No. 3 on The New York Times 鈥淗ardcover Fiction鈥 list). Dr. Leonard has advised the TV show Elementary, and many other writers, devising forensic linguistic cases and solutions in their work. He is currently working on a series of young adult forensic linguistics novels under contract to the literary agent who handles the Hunger Games book franchise.

Dr. Leonard has been called on to train intelligence and counterintelligence agents from Quantico to L.A. to London, and he has consulted on a variety of well-known cases:

  • He analyzed arson threat letters sent to actors Taye Diggs and Idina Menzel.
  • He prepared testimony to bolster the FBI expert in the Melanie McGuire 鈥渟uitcase鈥 murder trial.
  • He consulted in the Brian Hummert trial, analyzing letters sent to authorities following the murder of Hummert鈥檚 wife, Charlene, and testified in both of Hummert鈥檚 trials. The New York Times wrote, "His consultation on the murder of Charlene Hummert, a 48-year-old Pennsylvania woman who was strangled in 2004, helped put her killer in prison.鈥
  • He prepared testimony against FBI interrogators in the Alvarez spy case.
  • In the much publicized confession of John Karr to the murder of JonBenet Ramsey, Dr. Leonard found no evidence of links between Karr鈥檚 writing to the note found at the scene of the murder years before. Dr. Leonard鈥檚 findings presaged those of the DNA tests which also ruled Karr out as a suspect.

Dr. Leonard鈥檚 糖心传媒 have some remarkable opportunities to apply what they are learning in the classroom to real world situations. They work with him on cases through 糖心传媒鈥檚 Institute for Forensic Linguistics, Threat Assessment, and Strategic Analysis and the unique Forensic Linguistics Justice Project. Internships are also possible with government agencies, think tanks, and law offices.

In addition to being a leading expert in forensic linguistics, Dr. Leonard has also received much attention for having been a rock star in his youth as a founding member of the group, Sha Na Na. He opened for Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock (Watch the YouTube video of him performing 鈥淭een Angel鈥 at the original Woodstock!), and played with Janis Joplin, the Grateful Dead, Santana, and John Lennon. Then, as The New York Times wrote, 鈥淎t age 21, Mr. Leonard walked away from rock fame to pursue his real love: linguistics. Turns out to have been an inspired choice.鈥 Dr. Leonard left the music business for a Fulbright Fellowship and a PhD from Columbia University. Rock 'n' roll actually ignited his interest in forensic linguistics: analyzing his group's recording contract, he realized they were not receiving money due them.

Dr. Leonard quipped to Slate, 鈥淚 am one of a very few people in the world 鈥 actually, I鈥檓 pretty sure I鈥檓 the only one 鈥 who has worked with both the FBI and the Grateful Dead.鈥 And probably the only Fulbright Fellow who played Woodstock.

 

Inquiries concerning the Project may be directed to Professor Eric M. Freedman or Professor Robert A. Leonard.